常用的片语
1)to shrug off：
意思是对某人或某事表示冷漠，或只是耸耸肩，不屑一顾；
(to ignore someone or something；do not want to talk about,generally refer to behavior)
例如：
Some parents have shrugged off their children';s cursing habits.
(2)to root out：
这是指某种事十分困难，不易消灭、杜绝或根除。
(something very difficult to be eradicated)
例如：
China';s efforts to root out official corruption will be a hot issue at the meeting.
(3)to rip off：
rip本意是撕或撕破。而这个片语的意思是欺诈、剥削；不诚实、敲竹杠。多半用在商业上。
(to cheat or to be dishonest in dealing business with others；to over-charge someone)
例如：
A good person tends to be ripped off in this business world.
(4)to play down：
意思是降低或减少重要性。
(to lower or to reduce the importance of something)
例如：
When his wife demanded a divorce,he tried to play it down.
(5)to hole up：
意思是为了某种原因而躲藏或隐藏起来。
(to hide for some reason)
例如：
As he will have an exam tomorrow,he has to hole up in the library today.
(6)to catch on：
意思是变成很流行或受人喜欢。
(become very popular or to be well-accepted)
例如：
Learning English is catching on in China nowadays.
(7)to freak out：
意思是害怕、恐惧；躁动不安或紧张。
(to be frightened, scared or nervous)
例如：
The boy was freaking out because he did not know the answer on his exam.
(8)to map out：
意思是详细筹划或为某种复杂的事，议出大纲、策略、政策或计划。
(to make an outline,strategy,policy or a plan for some complicated matter)
例如：
Medical providers need to map out the methods of treatment for their patients.
(9)to beef up：
为某种计划而加强、增强、增大或充实。
(to intensify or to reinforce,mostly for a certain program)
例如：
This project has been beefed up because of a large donation.
(10)to toss out：
toss本意是扔或抛。但这句片语意思是顺便或非正式地提出意见供人讨论。
(casually suggest an idea for discussion)
例如：
He is trying to toss out some practical ideas for her article.
(11)to hold up：
通常是指时间上的耽搁、延迟、阻碍；也可指持枪拦劫或抢劫。
(to delay or to rob someone)
例如：
What held you up that made you so late？
(12)to goof off：
意思是偷懒、闲逛、混日子，不认真工作。
(to be lazy；don';t do anything properly)
例如：
Weekends are the time for many people to goof off.
(13)to goof up：
意思是指搞错或做错事情。
(to make mistakes)
例如：
He is so careless that he will goof up all the time.
(14)to count down：
意思是焦急地等待某件事情的来临。
(look anxiously forward to some special events)
(后面多半跟时间、如年、月、日、小时)
例如：
China has been counting down the years until the 2008 Olympic games.
(15)to brush up：
意思是重温、再练；也就是练习或准备某事，能提高水平。
(prepare for something or practice on something)
例如：
By brushing up on her singing skills, she will do better in the concert.
(16)to rule out：
意思是把某种事排除在外，使成为不可能；也就是排除或拒绝，多半指政策性方面。
(to eliminate or to reject,mostly refer to policy)
例如：
For the time being,Taiwan appears to have ruled out a negotiated settlement with China.
(17)to turn down：
也是指拒绝的意思，但多半指一般性的请求。
(to reject,referring to a common matter)
例如：
The boss turned down her promotion request.
(18)to heat up：
意思是加剧、激化或使某件事进展得更快，变得激烈。
(to strengthen or to make something go faster)
例如：
Their romance has heated up in the last few months.
(19)to chip in：
意思是为了某种原因，大家凑在一起，共同捐助或帮忙。
(everyone contributes money or time for a specific purpose)
例如：
Many families chipped in to clean this playground.
(20)to cut out：
意思是停止、中断或不喜欢当时的情况而离开。
(to leave because not satisfied with the situation)
(多半只用简单式)
例如：
The movie was a real bomb,so he cut out early.
(21)to kick off：
本来意思是开球给对方，后来演变为某件事的开始。
(to start something)
例如：
An educational program was kicked off last week in our school.
(22)to jack up：
意思是增加、升高或提高某种价格。
(to increase the price)
例如：
Some stores have jacked up the price in order to make more money.
