今天看了nokia 的帖子魔戒百科－－－基本语言及资料～！ 突然发觉网上还有许多魔戒的资料呢.仅从Baidu上搜索得:仅供参考(以下内容来自百度百科)

关于魔戒的内容.语言.请见这里和这里

关与人物
Gandalf

Gandalf The Grey Pilgrim Dates: Immortal. In Middle-earth c. III 1000 to 29 September III 3021 Race: Ainur Division: Maiar of Manwë and Varda Order: Istari (Wizards) Other Names: Incánus, Mithrandir, Olórin, Tharkûn Titles: The Grey, Grey Pilgrim, Grey Wanderer, Stormcrow, The White Meaning: 'Wand Elf' (but note that this name was given mistakenly by Men; Gandalf is a Maia, not an Elf) Pronunciation: ga'ndalf (A note in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings that final 'f' should be pronounced 'v' leads some to mispronounce this name 'gandalv'. 'Gandalf' is not an Elvish name, however, and this rule does not apply) In origin a Maia of Manwë and Varda, Gandalf came to the northwest of Middle-earth after a thousand years of the Third Age had passed, with four others of his order. At the Grey Havens, Círdan entrusted him with the Red Ring, Narya, to aid him in contesting the will of Sauron. Gandalf wandered widely in Middle-earth, and learned much of its races and peoples. Unlike his fellow Wizards Saruman and Radagast, he never settled in a single place. He was instrumental in the victory of the War of the Ring, but during that conflict he battled with a Balrog, and though he was ultimately victorious, his spirit left his body, but was sent back to Middle-earth to complete his task. Gandalf finally left Middle-earth in 3021 (Third Age), when he departed over the sea with the Ring-bearers. Arrival in Middle-earth, c. III 1000 The Wizards arrived in Middle-earth after the end of the first millennium of the Third Age. They were sent by the Valar to aid Elves and Men, but none knew this but Círdan the Shipwright, Lord of the Grey Havens where their ships put in. Though Saruman was at that time the acknowledged leader of the Wizards, Círdan saw that Gandalf was in fact the greater, and secretly gave him the Red Ring Narya to aid him in his quest. Exploration of Middle-earth, c. III 1000 to III 2463 For almost 1,500 years, Gandalf wandered the northern and western regions of Middle-earth, learning of its lands and cultures. He was closest in friendship with the Elves, and especially Elrond, who had learned of his origins from Círdan. The White Council, III 2463 to III 2953 At almost the same time as Gandalf had arrived in Middle-earth, a dark power had appeared in southern Mirkwood, at the evil place known as Dol Guldur. After a thousand years of his wanderings, Gandalf went there and drove the darkness into the east for a while. Soon it returned, and in 2463 (Third Age), the greatest among Wizards and Elves formed a White Council, with Gandalf as a prominent member, to counter the growing threat. In 2850, he revisited Dol Guldur, to find that the power that held it had grown indeed during the eight hundred years since his last visit. He recognised the dark power now as Sauron returned, and escaped to inform the White Council. Before he escaped, though, he found Thráin II broken in the pits of Dol Guldur, and though Thráin died before Gandalf could help him, he did surrender a map and a key into the Wizard's keeping. The Year III 2941 2941 was an important year for Gandalf. Not only did he take part in the White Council's expulsion of the Necromancer from Dol Guldur, but he also arranged for a party of Dwarves, accompanied by Bilbo Baggins, to travel to their ancient home of Erebor and free it from the dragon Smaug. Gandalf and the Hobbits The Hobbits first appeared in the records of Men and Elves shortly after the arrival of the Wizards, but of all the Wise, Gandalf was the only one to pay them great heed. After the foundation of the Shire, he would visit periodically and was responsible for '...quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures' (The Hobbit, Chapter 1, An Unexpected Party). Given this description, we are forced to wonder whether he had a hand in the exploits of Hildifons and Isengar Took, both of whom are recorded as having become involved in adventures of this kind. Of all the hobbit families, Gandalf seems to have been most closely associated with the Tooks; he was a close friend of Gerontius, the Old Took (Frodo Baggins' great-grandfather), and was said to have given him a gift of magical diamond studs, which fastened and unfastened on command. After Gerontius' death in 2920 (Third Age), he was not seen in the Shire for more than twenty years, until he returned with Thorin and the Dwarves to involve Bilbo Baggins in the Quest of Erebor. Gandalf’s Appearance Like all the Wizards, Gandalf had the appearance of an old man, who grew old slowly with the passage of the centuries. His hair was white, and his long white beard grew down below his waist. His eyebrows were particularly noticeable; they were so long and bushy that they stuck out from beneath the rim of his hat. He dressed in a long grey cloak, which is perhaps the origin of his title 'The Grey'. He is also described as wearing a tall shady-brimmed pointed blue hat, a silver scarf, and long black boots. He carried at all times a spiked staff. The Magic of Gandalf Tolkien at no point defines what the limits of Gandalf's magic were. As a Maia, he had many natural abilities that would seem magical to mortal races, but he also had a great store of knowledge of more 'mechanical' magic, worked through spells and incantations, and especially through the agency of his staff. It is clear that he had far greater power, especially after his return as Gandalf the White, than he ever displayed in Middle-earth. His magical powers seem to be particularly associated with fire, a fact that is perhaps related to the Ring of Fire, Narya, that he bore. A Gandalf Miscellany • Gandalf adopted the habit of pipe-smoking from the Hobbits. He often used his magical arts while smoking; he could change the colour of his smoke-rings, or send them in any direction he pleased. • Gandalf's preferred drink was red wine.

阿拉贡 Aragorn
from lord of the rings（魔戒）

阿拉贡的祖先阿维杜伊是北方王国末代国王，伊西铎的嫡系子孙，阿维杜伊的妻子则是阿纳里昂的后裔菲丽尔
由于阿维杜伊同时继承南北两王国王权的请求曾被当时的南方摄政王帕兰度抵制，北方王族在其后千年一直无人去刚铎宣示主权
阿拉贡出生于第3纪元2931年3月1日，从族谱上看他是瓦兰迪尔第38代嫡孙，即伊伦迪尔第40代直系后裔
Aragorn一词在辛达精灵语中的意思是“勇敢的国王”
阿拉贡出生一年后他的父亲阿拉松就死了，母亲吉尔蕾恩带他到瑞文戴尔请求庇护
埃尔隆德将这位自己亲弟弟埃尔洛斯的最后后嗣收为养子并给他起了个小名Estel〔辛达sindarin精灵语“希望”〕
阿拉贡20岁生日那天，埃尔隆德告诉了他他的身世，并把巴拉赫指环，断折圣剑交还给了他
第2天傍晚，阿雯回到瑞文戴尔探亲，阿拉贡对其一见钟情
由于埃尔隆德母亲爱尔温的祖母就是露西安，因为爱上人类贝伦而放弃了精灵的永生，所以埃尔隆德极力反对女儿和阿拉贡来往
阿拉贡于是开始游走四方，踏上了独自冒险的历程，他以化名索朗吉尔在罗翰和刚铎效力获得殊荣，一直战斗在对抗索隆势力的前线
49岁那年他来到罗瑞安并巧遇了阿雯，他们在瑟林·安姆罗斯丘陵上许下爱的誓言
埃尔隆德得知后非常伤心，他知道女儿的命运已经被决定了，于是他要求阿拉贡必须以亚诺，刚铎两国国王的身份来娶阿雯
3018年，87岁的阿拉贡携带着重铸圣剑加入护戒小队
在米纳斯·提力斯战役后，他用王之手医治了法拉米尔，梅利和伊欧温，显示了他的王族血统，受到白城百姓的热烈拥戴
彻底推翻了索隆后的3019年5月1日他用高等精灵语念唱着祖先伊伦迪尔3000余年前重返中土时所说的话
Et Earello Endorenna utúlien.Sinome maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn' Ambar-metta！
（越过大海我来到中土世界,我和我的子嗣将永居于此地，直到世界末日!）
加冕为刚铎国王，王号为伊力萨〔Elessar,阿拉贡的高等精灵语名字，意即精灵宝石〕
同年6月25日结婚并接过了亚诺的王权象征安努米纳斯权杖
他与伊欧墨再续伊欧誓言并将重联合王国（Reunited Kingdom,亚诺和刚铎的统治权都在阿拉贡手中）治理的如同古代努曼诺尔时期一般强盛，同时重建了亚诺许多著名城市
第4纪元120年3月1日，210岁的阿拉贡按照努曼诺尔国王的传统，在精力尚存时来到陵墓中
在把带翼王冠和安努米纳斯权杖交给儿子艾尔达里恩后,伊力萨王主动放弃了自己的生命，从容离开人世，梅利和皮平就在他的身边长眠
这位有精灵和次级神血统的“最后的努曼诺尔人”就此走完了一生光荣伟大的历程
抱歉没有英文

莱戈拉斯

莱戈拉斯·绿叶是幽暗密林精灵的王子，一支精灵贵族的后裔。 Legolas Greenleaf Legolas在辛达精灵语中就是“绿叶”的意思 他祖父欧洛斐尔在「最后同盟」中与吉尔加拉德一同出战，并战死在沙场上；他父亲瑟兰迪尔，就是那位把陪伴毕尔博前去孤山寻宝的十三名矮人关进监牢的精灵王。因此，当毕尔博在精灵的宫殿中躲躲藏藏时，很可能见过莱戈拉斯；而更肯定的是，吉姆利一定不会忘记自己的父亲格洛因曾遭到这位精灵的父亲恶待过。 他是个木精灵，也叫西尔凡精灵，属于帖勒瑞族，和南边同胞的高贵血统不同，莱戈拉斯没有超脱凡尘的力量 但莱戈拉斯野外生存能力非常出色，对森林的知识很丰富而且视力范围很广 如同他的矮人朋友吉姆利，在莱戈拉斯担任幽暗密林的西尔凡精灵特使来到瑞文戴尔之前，他的生平事迹没有人知道；但按一般惯例推测，他身为王子，必然曾率队防卫边界许多年，曾用无数兽人的性命来磨炼他百步穿杨的技巧。他显然从未离开过巨绿森林出门旅行，因为他随同远征队来到罗斯洛立安时，是他第一次见到这座由凯兰崔尔与凯勒鹏所统治，他的亲族所居住的黄金森林，他在那里第一次面见了那曾居住在蒙福的不死之地的长辈。在罗斯洛立安，他获赠了特制的罗瑞安长弓、箭筒与许多的箭，使他作战的能力大为增强；这弓很大，威力比他幽暗密林的弓更强，所用的箭也更长：在对付强兽人时，它们真是无价之宝。当他在帕兰诺平原上刀弓并用与吉姆利并肩作战之后，回程两人一同前去参观了闪烁洞穴，他在那里见识到了比自己父王的地底宫殿更美丽炫目的奇景。在他战斗途中，他探近了海岸线，第一次听见了大海的呼唤。这唤醒了莱戈拉斯内心深处对他同胞所航行前往的西方仙境的渴望。魔戒大战后，莱戈拉斯带着一批族人搬到刚铎的伊西利安森林居住 第4纪元120年，伊力萨王阿拉贡去世，莱戈拉斯最终听从了大海的召唤，他自己制造了一条船离开中土，身边还有好友吉姆利相伴，孤帆尽影，这是魔戒远征队成员最后的文字记载 。 弓 莱戈拉斯携带一把黑色木弓，大概是紫杉木，是他年幼时在幽暗密林自己制造的。它的外观构造很简单，是由一整块木头刻成的，取的是努曼诺尔弓的式样，但雕刻着金色、优美、沿着弓臂盘绕的长春藤图案。由于莱戈拉斯绝大部分时候都是在密林里射箭，因此他用的弓不会特别长，盘上弓弦立起来约有六十寸高，但威力非常强，可用致命的力量轻易将箭射出两百五十米远，虽然比较常见的情况可能是，在幽暗密林的浓密树林中，当他追猎敌人时，所面对的射击目标通常都会比较近。幽暗密林的箭有三十寸长，箭身相当坚韧，因此可以承受如此强弓制造出来的拉力，配合弓身染成褐色，有着窄长尖锐的猎杀箭头，样子很像是锥，为的是要一箭射穿盔甲与身躯。箭尾的绿色羽毛几乎可以肯定是来自雄鸡，或其他生活在森林四周遭到猎捕的禽鸟，上面的搭弦凹槽都是手刻的。这些箭都装在木制的箭筒中，箭筒会染色并漆上树脂，让它看起来有深沉的光泽，然后进一步在筒口四周包覆厚金属做为补强。 莱戈拉斯在罗瑞安所获赠的弓是一把令人赞叹的大师之作：它显然是由一整块梅隆树的树心所削成的，它的雕刻精致巧妙，以致于它看起来像是用比弓身更白的木质雕出树叶与藤蔓覆盖纵横交错得的样子。弓身上弦之后立起来的高度是六十八寸，享有射程远远四百米并且极其精准的美名；如果它的弓弦中真的如传言一样有幸得到一股来自凯兰崔尔女皇的头发祝福，因此它有如此强大力量的说词很可能是真的。梅隆树有某种特质，可以让它的拉力强达一百五十磅，这点类似幽暗密林的弓，只是它的长度与射程范围更大。当它不被拿在手中时，可以放在皮套内，用生皮皮带绑在箭筒的悬挂皮带上。箭长四十寸，比幽暗密林的箭稍轻，为的是要减低重量；箭尾金绿色的羽毛是取自火鸡毛，修剪成菱形，它们的箭身染成鼠尾草绿，而它们长筒型的箭镞通常打造成梅隆树叶的形状，用以确保造成最大范围的伤害程度。由于这柄强弓的拉力很强，因此搭弦口通常会用骨头或只有银光河里才能找到的坚硬燧石来增强。罗瑞安的箭筒是木质的，包覆着皮革；上面镶嵌着一只美丽的金色孔雀，这是中土世界很少见的禽鸟，筒口紧裹着金色的固定环。箭筒一次可装满大约两打箭，用筒上所附的悬挂皮带绕过他的肩膀紧盘在他身上，以防在奔跑或打斗中掉落。如此恰当、快速、伸手从肩后抽箭的设计是为了让莱戈拉斯可以确信在伸手拿箭时它都会在固定的位置上。 战甲 据说，除了手腕上的两个皮制护臂之外，莱戈拉斯一生中只穿过一次战甲，那是他在准备参与圣盔谷大战的时候。如同他的辛达林精灵同胞一样，他知道这会是一场残酷的近身肉搏战，不会有任何转圈的空间，因此他为安全所做的让步是，穿上由坚硬的熟皮革所打造的八层护褶的护肩甲，这套战甲裹住他的双肩，以皮带横过他胸前固定。这些护褶用铰钉固定在一起，但仍足以让他保持动作灵活；第四、第六与第八片护褶上雕刻有洛汗国的图案。在来到帕兰诺平原展开大战之前，莱戈拉斯没有机会作类似的准备保护自己，因此这名精灵深入险恶的战场时，身上穿的是他平常旅行时的衣装：有着精美刺绣的淡蓝色丝衫，柔软的灰绿色毛料紧身裤，麂皮高筒靴，形状像重叠的树叶，上面有植物的饰纹，以及一件双层的麂皮短袖上衣：内层的颜色是卡其绿，稍微厚一点的外层是褐色的，内外两层都裁成花瓣的形状，因此它状似一朵花苞。这件外袍长度过腰，袖子只及手肘，并且下摆两旁开叉，因此不会妨碍他的行动。此外，他还穿了一件在罗瑞安获赠的斗篷，用一枚银叶别针扣在领口前。 Legolas   Pronunciation: lehg'o laas   Related Terms: Fellowship, Mirkwood, Gimli   Legolas Greenleaf was the son of King Thranduil of the Mirkwood Realm. The name 'Legolas' literally meant 'green leaf'. He was a Silvan elf of Sindarin descent and his birthdate is not known.   He lived in Mirkwood until he was sent to Rivendell to tell the news of Gollum escaping. There he ended up becoming part of the Fellowship of the Ring. He travelled with Aragorn and Gimli, and named Gimli 'elf-friend'. He fought at the Battle of the Hornburg and the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. He travelled on the Paths of the Dead, and often rode with Gimli behind him on his horse. After the War of the Ring he lived in Ithilien with elves from Mirkwood. When Aragorn died, he finally followed the sea-longing the gulls had awoken in him, and sailed West in a boat he built himself. It was said that he took Gimli with him, because of their great friendship, and that the two passed into the West in 120 of the Fourth Age. There is also a Legolas in the story of the Fall of Gondolin (in the First Age), but it is not known if they are the same elf. That Legolas led the refugees over the plains, because he was night-sighted.

关于《魔戒》的讽喻含义

   托尔金断然否认他的作品包含着讽喻含义，但是，谁都想在《魔戒》中找到“内在意蕴”的蛛丝马迹。有人认为，它隐射了二战以及环境保护主义者的主张，将索隆比做希特勒，将魔戒比做核弹；也有人认为索隆是大地女神的死敌，魔戒是工业技术。高明的注释家的想象力自然更富有哲理性：弗罗多的历程是人类对自身本质的探求；弗罗多与魔戒的邪恶性的搏斗是人类对权力重负的搏斗。
  
   有一位英国读者说得很直率：一个儿童心理的读者比一个批评家更能看出《魔戒》的价值。它的价值就在于创造的虚构世界并非是和现实世界的影子，而是人类心灵的镜子，而这曾经是儿童的专利。
   
   作者自己就很讨厌一切寓言式的写法，这也许和作者偏好历史不无关系。至于说要在《魔戒》里潜藏什么蕴义或“信息”，作者本无此意。《魔戒》并非寓言讽刺，更非时事话题。

托尔金

约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金（John Ronald Reuel Tolkien，1892年1月3日~1973年9月2日, 英国语言学家、作家。他因创作了奇幻小说《魔戒》三部曲而知名。一般简称他为J. R. R. 托尔金。 托尔金出生于南非的布隆方丹。4岁时因为父亲去世而举家迁回英格兰。1915年23岁时托尔金从英国牛津大学毕业，参加第一次世界大战。托尔金因患“战壕热”而在医院里待到了大战结束。正是这段在医院的日子里，他开始了他最初的写作生涯。 战后，托尔金成为了一名语言学家。他是1918年-1920年版的《新英语词典》的编委。但他更以研究盎格鲁－萨克森语著称，这使得他广泛接触到英国以及北欧各地流传的神话和民间传说。 1937年，托尔金完成了他的第一部作品《霍比特人》。尽管这是一部童话，但它同样适合成人阅读。由于这部作品销量不错，出版商（Allen & Unwin）说服托尔金写作续集。这鼓励托尔金完成了他最有名的作品——史诗三部曲《魔戒》。这部作品的写作持续了将近一年，并受到了托尔金的密友C·S·刘易斯的支持。 《魔戒》的开头类似儿童作品，但之后写作风格迅速变得严肃和黑暗。《魔戒》是20世纪最流行的文学作品之一，无论从是销售量还是读者评价来讲。托尔金的重要影响在于，在《魔戒》成功之后，奇幻小说这一文学体裁迅速发展起来。 托尔金生前出版的作品： 1937年 《霍比特人》 1945年 Leaf by Niggle (short story) 1947年 Tree and Leaf (essay) 1949年 Farmer Giles of Ham 1954年 《魔戒再现》，《魔戒》第一部 1954年 《双塔奇兵》，《魔戒》第二部 1955年 《王者无敌》，《魔戒》第三部 1962年 The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book 1964年 Tree and Leaf (On Fairy-Stories and Leaf by Niggle in book form) 1967年 Smith of Wootton Major 托尔金死后，其子克里斯托夫·托尔金整理出版的其他作品： 1976年 The Father Christmas Letters 1977年 《精灵宝钻》The Silmarillion 1980年 Unfinished Tales 1981年 The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 1982年 Mr. Bliss 1983年 The Monsters and the Critics 1983年 The Book of Lost Tales 1 1984年 The Book of Lost Tales 2 1985年 The Lays of Beleriand 1986年 The Shaping of Middle-Earth 1987年 The Lost Road and Other Writings 1988年 The Return of the Shadow (The History of The Lord of the Rings v.1) 1989年 The Treason of Isengard (The History of The Lord of the Rings v.2) 1990年 The War of the Ring (The History of The Lord of the Rings v.3) 1992年 Sauron Defeated (The History of The Lord of the Rings v.4) 1993年 Morgoth's Ring (The Later Silmarillion v.1) 1994年 The War of the Jewels (The Later Silmarillion v.2) 1996年 The Peoples of Middle-earth 1998年 Roverandom

精灵宝钻

《精灵宝钻》于1977年首次出版时，《卫报》曾如此佳评： “这本一个人写作超过半世纪的作品，竟成为一群人的创作源头，这是怎么办到的？” 《精灵宝钻》是一本精灵族的史书，是比尔博住在瑞文戴尔时翻译出来的（从精灵文翻译成第三纪元的通用语）那本红皮书，最后由山姆交给女儿流传下来。 《精灵宝钻》主要记载自开天辟地以来，发生在第一与第二纪元的大事。《魔戒》叙述的是第三纪元的故事。索伦被推翻后，从第四纪元开始，人类掌管了世界，精灵一一消失。今天我们生活的世界属于第六或第七纪元（托尔金说的）。 爱隆为什么如此反对亚玟与亚拉冈的爱情？你知道亚拉冈其实有精灵的血统吗？亚玟为什么选择嫁给凡人后就不能反悔，不能在丈夫死后返回不死之地？不死之地是什么样子？勒苟拉斯跟金雳的友谊之所以非比寻常，是因为两族本来是世仇，为什么会这样呢？你想知道矮人的起源吗？树人是怎么来的？还有，最重要的，怎么会有精灵这种这么迷人的物种啊？他们又为什么必须自中土世界消失呢？索伦是如何崛起的？魔苟斯又是谁啊？炎魔和半兽人是哪里来的？甘道夫跟萨鲁曼本来都是被派来帮助中土世界的天使，你没想到吧？那萨鲁曼怎么会变成坏蛋呢？我还可以从《魔戒》中再列出一卡车的问题，而它们的答案都在《精灵宝钻》里。 书名《精灵宝钻》是「精灵宝钻争战史」的简称，描写最有才能的精灵－－费诺所造三颗伟大宝石的故事；他将照亮诸神所居之地维林诺的双圣树的光芒收存到宝石之中。当黑暗之王莫高斯摧毁了双圣树后，那璀璨的光芒唯独活在精灵宝钻中；莫高斯夺走了宝石，将它们镶在他的王冠上，他在中土大陆北方的堡垒，固若金汤的安格班中称王。《精灵宝钻》记载费诺与其族人背叛了诸神，流亡到了中土大陆，对莫高斯这位巨大而可怕的敌人发动战争，写下一连串精灵与人类绝望又英勇的故事……

个人评价:这本书太精彩了~但是又太久远..基本和魔戒不怎么沾边

伊伦迪尔
索隆
霍比特人
吉穆利
埃尔隆德
林谷
半精灵
哈尔迪尔
中土
奥兰多
Land of the Sun
魔戒前传
伊路瓦塔
矮人之父--奥力
精灵及人类最后同盟

沙发绝对自占~~~完了~~~~~~~~~

清霜真是勤快了   看来这个假期相当充实


真是帅阿